1. transport of a substance (as a protein or drug) across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient; requires an expenditure of energy. 
   由于浓度差异，蛋白质或药物等物质透过细胞膜在不同细胞之间传送的过程；需要消耗能量。
2. The characteristic movement or orientation of an organism or cell along a chemical concentration gradient either toward or away from the chemical stimulus. 
   趋化性组织或细胞在化学集中上朝向或远离化学刺激的特殊运动或定位作用
3. The passage of a fluid through a semipermeable membrane toward a solution of lower concentration, especially the passage of water through a cell membrane into the surrounding medium. 
   外渗，浸出液体通过半透膜向低浓度区的迁移，尤指水通过细胞膜进入周围生活环境
4. directed with intense concentration. 
   以高度的集中指向……。
5. Her powers of concentration. 
   他集中注意力的能力

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