1. the lens or system of lenses nearest the object being viewed. 
   离被观察物体最近的镜头或镜头系统。
2. A mirror, lens, or combination of lenses used to gather light and direct it upon an object or through a projection lens. 
   聚光器用于聚光并将光引向某物体或通过一凸透镜组的镜子、透镜或透镜组
3. The lens or lens system in a microscope or other optical instrument that first receives light rays from the object and forms the image. 
   物镜首先从物体上接收光线并形成影像的显微镜或其它光学仪器中的透镜或透镜系统
4. An optically formed duplicate, counterpart, or other representative reproduction of an object, especially an optical reproduction of an object formed by a lens or mirror. 
   镜像，映像物体由于光学原因形成的复制品、对应物或其它形式的代表物，尤指通过透镜或镜子而形成的视觉复制品
5. An apparatus for taking photographs, generally consisting of a lightproof enclosure having an aperture with a shuttered lens through which the image of an object is focused and recorded on a photosensitive film or plate. 
   照相机一种用于拍摄照片的器械，一般由一遮光室组成，该遮光室带有一有层叠透镜的光圈，物体的影象通过它聚焦并被记录在一感光底片或感光板上

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