1. The expansion and contraction which most substances undergo on changing temperature is familiar to us all. 
   多数物质温度一变化就会产生膨胀或收缩，这是我们大家所熟悉的。
2. Too great a variation of amplitude in either temperature or humidity will aggravate the periodic contraction and expansion of the surface of rock. 
   温、湿度变化振幅过大，会加剧岩壁表层周期性收缩膨胀；
3. Since all materials are subjected to expansion and contraction , "expansion joints" must be provided in any large structure to adapt to the change of temperature with the season, or even with day and night, otherwise the force of expansion would cause the structure to bend or break. 
   由于所有的材料都要经受膨胀和收缩，在任何大的建筑中都需要提供“伸缩接合面”，以适应随着季节甚至昼夜的改变而产生温度的变化，否则膨胀力就会引起建筑弯曲或断裂。
4. Since liquids are generally kept in some kind of rigid container, the expansion takes place at the upper surface only, so that the level of the liquid rises as its temperature is increased and falls with a decrease in temperature. 
   由于液体一般是保存在某种坚固的容器中的，膨胀只在液体的表层发生，因而液面随着温度增加而升高，随着温度下降而下降。
5. colonial expansion of Britain 
   英国殖民扩张

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