Thus landscape gardening , the ancient art of emperors, became formalised desiccated, sterile.

所以, 作为封建帝王和士大夫艺术的园林变得空洞而毫无生机.

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The Westernization of the country more and more the demand the scholarly bureaucracy.

在士大夫阶层中,要求西化的呼声越来越高.

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As the name of Sima the Song Dynasty said: " Wenxi literati Mitoji Forest also. "

正如宋代名相司马光所说: “ 闻喜士大夫之林薮也 ”.

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Taoist school and Taoism's ideas were an encyclopedical system and have self - contradictory content.

士大夫在接触道家、道教时,总是根据自己的需要、喜好做出自己的理解和 取舍.

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