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by by your favor

by
[英] [bai] [美] [baɪ] 生词本

prep.

adv.

  • 易混淆的单词：BY  By  

  • 柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典

  • 英英释义

  • 行业释义

  • 词典例句

In addition to the uses shown below, by is used in phrasal verbs such as ‘abide by’, ‘put by’, and ‘stand by’.

除下列用法，by还可用于abide by, put by和 stand by等短语动词中。

The preposition is pronounced /baɪ/. The adverb is pronounced /'baɪ/. 用作介词时读作/baɪ/，用作副词时在句中重读。
1. PREP 由；被 If something is done by a person or thing, that person or thing does it. 

  • The feast was served by his mother and sisters...

    这顿美餐是他母亲和他的姐妹们准备的。

  • I was amazed by their discourtesy and lack of professionalism...

    他们的无礼和不专业让我震惊。

  • The town has been under attack by rebel groups for a week now.

    一周来，该镇一直受到叛军的袭击。

2. PREP （图书、音乐、绘画等）由…（创作），出自 If you say that something such as a book, a piece of music, or a painting is by a particular person, you mean that this person wrote it or created it. 

  • ...a painting by Van Gogh...

    一幅凡·高的画

  • 'Jacob's Ladder', the newest film by Adrian Lyne, is a post-Vietnam horror story.

    阿德里安·莱恩的最新电影《雅各的天梯》讲的是一个发生在越战后的恐怖故事。

Usage Note :

When you are talking about the author of a book or play, the composer of a piece of music, or the painter of a painting, you say that the piece of work is by that person or is written or painted by him or her. ...three books by Michael Moorcock. ...a collection of piano pieces by Mozart. When you are talking about the person who has written you a letter or sent a message to you, you say that the letter or message is from that person. He received a message from Vito Corleone.

谈论一本书、一部戏、一首乐曲或一幅画的创作者时，用by表示：three books by Michael Moorcock（迈克尔·穆尔科克写的3本书），a collection of piano pieces by Mozart（莫扎特钢琴曲集）。谈论信件或信息的发出者时，用from表示：He received a message from Vito Corleone（他收到维托·科莱奥内捎来的信息）。

3. PREP 靠；用；凭 If you do something by a particular means, you do it using that thing. 

  • We'll be travelling by car.

    我们将开车旅行。

  • ...dinners by candlelight.

    烛光晚餐

4. PREP 通过，凭借（做某事） If you achieve one thing by doing another thing, your action enables you to achieve the first thing. 

  • Make the sauce by boiling the cream and stock together in a pan...

    把奶油和高汤一起放在平底锅里熬煮来制作调味料。

  • The all-female yacht crew made history by becoming the first to sail round the world...

    这艘游艇的船员为清一色的女性，她们进行了首次环球航行，创造了历史。

  • By using the air ambulance to transport patients between hospitals, they can save up to £15,000 per patient.

    使用空中救护车在医院间运送病人，他们为每个病人节省的费用可达15,000英镑。

5. PREP （用于短语中）由于，出于（偶然或意外） You use by in phrases such as 'by chance' or 'by accident' to indicate whether or not an event was planned. 

  • I met him by chance out walking yesterday...

    我昨天外出散步时碰巧遇见了他。

  • He opened Ingrid's letter by mistake...

    他不小心拆了英格丽德的信。

  • Whether by design or accident his timing was perfect.

    不管是计划好的还是巧合，他对时机的把握堪称完美。

6. PREP 就（本性、职业或出身）而言 If someone is a particular type of person by nature, by profession, or by birth, they are that type of person because of their nature, their profession, or the family they were born into. 

  • I am certainly lucky to have a kind wife who is loving by nature...

    拥有一个天性仁爱的贤妻，我当然很幸运。

  • She's a nurse by profession and now runs a counselling service for women...

    她的职业是护士，现在开办了一个妇女咨询中心。

  • Her parents were in fact American by birth.

    她的父母在血统上其实是美国人。

7. PREP 根据，按照（法律或某种标准） If something must be done by law, it happens according to the law. If something is the case by particular standards, it is the case according to the standards. 

  • Pharmacists are required by law to give the medicine prescribed by the doctor.

    法律规定药剂师必须按照医生开的处方配药。

  • ...evening wear that was discreet by his standards.

    以他的标准来看相当朴素的晚礼服

8. PREP 说（某词语或某一番话） If you say what someone means by a particular word or expression, you are saying what they intend the word or expression to refer to. 

  • Stella knew what he meant by 'start again'...

    斯特拉知道他说“重来”是什么意思。

  • 'You're unbelievably lucky.' — 'What do you mean by that?'

    “你真是太幸运了。”——“你这话是什么意思？”

9. PREP （用于表示抓住身体某部位或握住物体某部分） If you hold someone or something by a particular part of them, you hold that part. 

  • He caught her by the shoulder and turned her around...

    他抓住她的肩膀把她的身子转了过来。

  • She was led by the arm to a small room at the far end of the corridor...

    她被拉着胳膊带到走廊另一头的一个小房间里。

  • He picked up the photocopy by one corner and put it in his wallet.

    他拈着影印件的一角把它拿起来，放进了自己的钱包。

10. PREP 在…旁边；接近 Someone or something that is by something else is beside it and close to it. 

  • Judith was sitting in a rocking-chair by the window...

    朱迪丝正坐在窗户边的一张摇椅里。

  • Felicity Maxwell stood by the bar and ordered a glass of wine...

    费利西蒂·马克斯韦尔站在吧台旁，要了一杯红酒。

  • Emma was by the door.

    艾玛站在门旁。

  • By is also an adverb.

    • Large numbers of security police stood by.

      大批秘密警察站在一旁。

11. PREP 经过；经由 If a person or vehicle goes by you, they move past you without stopping. 

  • A few cars passed close by me...

    几辆车贴着我开过去。

  • He kept walking and passed by me on his side of the street.

    他一直在街对面走着，并与街这边的我交错而过。

  • By is also an adverb.

    • The bomb went off as a police patrol went by.

      当一队巡警经过时，炸弹爆炸了。

12. PREP 在（某处停留） If you stop by a place, you visit it for a short time. 

  • We had made arrangements to stop by her house in Pacific Grove...

    我们已安排好去造访她位于帕西菲克格罗夫的家。

  • Daddy called and asked me to drop by his office.

    爸爸打来电话让我去他办公室一趟。

  • By is also an adverb.

    • I'll stop by after dinner and we'll have that talk.

      饭后我会过去坐一会儿，到时我们再谈。

13. PREP 在…时候；到…之前；不迟于 If something happens by a particular time, it happens at or before that time. 

  • By eight o'clock he had arrived at my hotel...

    到8点时，他已经到达我住的宾馆了。

  • We all knew by then that the affair was practically over.

    到那时，我们都知道事情实际上已经结束了。

14. PREP 在（白天或夜晚） If you do something by day, you do it during the day. If you do it by night, you do it during the night. 

  • By day a woman could safely walk the streets, but at night the pavements became dangerous...

    白天的时候，妇女可以安全地在街上行走，而到了夜晚人行道上会变得很危险。

  • She had no wish to hurry alone through the streets of London by night.

    她可不想独自在夜晚匆匆走过伦敦的街道。

15. PREP （乘或除）以 In arithmetic, you use by before the second number in a multiplication or division sum. 

  • ...an apparent annual rate of 22.8 per cent (1.9 multiplied by 12)...

    22.8%的名义年率（1.9乘以12）

  • 230cm divided by 22cm is 10.45cm.

    230厘米除以22厘米等于10.45厘米。

16. PREP 乘（表示长乘宽得出的居室等的面积） You use by to talk about measurements of area. For example, if a room is twenty feet by fourteen feet, it measures twenty feet in one direction and fourteen feet in the other direction. 

  • Three prisoners were sharing one small cell 3 metres by 2 metres.

    3个囚犯关在一个3米长2米宽的小牢房里。

17. PREP （表示增减的幅度） If something increases or decreases by a particular amount, that amount is gained or lost. 

  • Violent crime has increased by 10 percent since last year...

    暴力犯罪自去年以来增加了10%。

  • Their pay has been cut by one-third.

    他们薪水降低了1/3。

18. PREP 以…计；按…计 Things that are made or sold by the million or by the dozen are made or sold in those quantities. 

  • Parcels arrived by the dozen from America...

    包裹成打地从美国运来。

  • Liberty fabrics, both for furnishing and for dressmaking, are sold by the metre.

    利伯蒂布按米出售，既可用作装饰又可作衣料。

19. PREP （表示事物的逐渐变化） You use by in expressions such as 'minute by minute' and 'drop by drop' to talk about things that happen gradually, not all at once. 

  • His father began to lose his memory bit by bit, becoming increasingly forgetful.

    他的父亲开始一点点地失去记忆，变得越来越健忘。

20. PHRASE 独自；单独 If you are by yourself, you are alone. 

  • ...a dark-haired man sitting by himself in a corner.

    一个独自坐在角落里的黑发男人

21. PHRASE 独立（完成某事） If you do something by yourself, you succeed in doing it without anyone helping you. 

  • I didn't know if I could raise a child by myself.

    我不知道自己是否能够独自养大一个孩子。

Adverb

1. so as to pass a given point;

  • "every hour a train goes past"

2. in reserve; not for immediate use;

  • "started setting aside money to buy a car"
  • "put something by for her old age"
  • "has a nestegg tucked away for a rainy day"

土木工程

<名>
  • 1.副产品回收
  • 2.by-product recovery

物理学

<名>
  • 1.旁路
  • 2.by-pass

电力

<名>
  • 1.旁路挡板
  • 2.by-pass damper
  • 3.旁路开关
  • 4.by-pass switch
  • 5.旁路臂
  • 6.by-pass arm
  • 7.旁路母线
  • 8.by-pass bus
  • 9.旁路阀
  • 10.by-pass valve
  • 11.旁路调节
  • 12.by-pass governing

计算机

  • 1.凭，靠，沿
1. "The Star Chart" written by Gan De and "Astronomy" by Shi Shen of the Warring States Period (475 B.C.-221 B.C.) were the earliest star catalogues in the world. The two star charts presented in the books record positions of 120 stars. These positions, recorded 200 years earlier than those by other countries, are remarkably accurate, even by modern standards.
中国战国时代甘德著的《星点》和石申著的《天文》是世界上最早的星表。 两表里记有120颗恒星的位置， 至今还非常准确， 比其他国家观测恒星早200多年。

来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

2. It's better to go back and make a net than to stand by the pond and long for fish.; Better return home and make a net than long for fish by the waterside.; It's better to go back and make a net than to covet the fish by merely staring into the water -- one should have a down-to-earth style of work to attain one's goal.; One should take practical steps to achieve one's aims.
临渊羡鱼，莫如退而结网。

来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

3. A good share of the answer rested in the kind of pride that is stimulated by the job, by the activity of accomplishing.
答案很大程度上在于工作和成就所激发出来的那种自豪。

来自《简明英汉词典》

4. A sound made by tapping on the hull of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom, and by measuring the time interval between the taps and the receipt of the echoes the depth of the sea at that point can be calculated.
在船体上轻轻敲击的声响会从海底反射回来，通过测量敲击和收到回声之间的时间间隔，可以计算出该处海洋的深度。

来自《用法词典》

5. Admittedly we can make the journey by train, but there is no harm in our travelling by boat.
乘车固可，乘船亦无不可。

来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

6. All water used by the fire-brigade for fire extinction purpose is supplied free by an act of Congress.
根据议会的法案，消防队用于灭火的水全部免费供应。

来自《简明英汉词典》

7. Are you going by a scheduled flight or by charter.
你是搭班机去呢还是坐包机去呢？

来自《简明英汉词典》

8. Are you going out by plane or by ship?
你是搭飞机还是乘船出国？

来自《简明英汉词典》

9. Are you to go there by bike or by bus?
你骑车还是坐车去？

来自《简明英汉词典》

10. Better be blamed by our kith and kin,than be kissed by the enemy.
宁可让亲人责备，切勿让敌人亲吻。

来自《简明英汉词典》

11. By and by electricity will take the place of coal.
不久以后，电将取代煤。

来自《简明英汉词典》

12. By this time my father was totally incapacitated by his illness.
那时候我父亲已经病得完全不能自理了。

来自《简明英汉词典》

13. Go by subway— it'll take you forever if you go by bus.
坐地铁去吧！要是你乘公共汽车去，得花很长的时间。

来自《简明英汉词典》

14. He had an encyclopedic command of the field of knowledge, and by a word or a phase, by delicate rapier thrust, he punctured them.
他所掌握的知识就像百科全书那样丰富。用一个字或一句话，用几句灵敏机智的对答，他就洞穿了对方的要害。

来自《简明英汉词典》

15. He had been pretty well liquored up by hisfriends by the time she found him.
她找到他时，他已被朋友们灌了相当多的酒。

来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

16. He is a teacher by occupation but a philosopher by inclination.
他的职业是教师，但他的本心是成为哲学家。

来自《简明英汉词典》

17. He means no harm by saying what he thinks, but people tend to be upset by it.
他想到什么就说什么，并无恶意，但人们听了心里总是不舒服。

来自《简明英汉词典》

18. He was elected by a large majority [by a majority of 3240].
他以大多数票[超过对方3240票]当选。

来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

19. He works always by rule and line, never by chance or guess.
他一向办事精细，从不靠运气或凭猜测。

来自《简明英汉词典》

20. He works in an office by day and drives a taxi by night.
他白天上班，晚上开出租车。

来自《简明英汉词典》