An abstract base class imposes unnecessary restrictions on application - oriented development of the class hierarchy.

抽象基类给面向应用的开发的类结构强加了不必要的约束.

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This paper discusses how to strengthen Engineering Training Center construction work of the application - oriented universities.

本文探讨如何加强应用型本科院校实训中心建设.

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Algorithmic and software aspects will, as well, be regarded as hardware and application oriented contributions.

算法和软件方面将会, 也, 被视为硬件和申请定向贡献.

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Database design: An OLTP system usually adopts an entity - relationship ( ER ) model and an application - oriented database design.

数据库设计: 通常,OLTP系统采用实体 - 联系 ( ER ) 模型和面向应用的数据库设计.

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